Charts is plot of price vs time frame. Most common charts type are
1. Line Chart ( Good enough for general mass)
2. Candlestick
3. Bar Chart
Charts can provide very limited speculative capability unless used with indicators.
Indicators are some of the established technical analysis formula calulated values that are plotted against regular charts. Examples of indicators are
1. RSI (relative Strength Index). It gives an idea of overbought and oversold stock. (For a very small period - main for day trade or period as small as 1 week)
2. Stochastic -Usage same as RSI
3. MACD (Moving Average Convergence and Divergence). Its also gives indication of buy and sell.
4. Moving Average Crossover. They also provide indication of buy and sell.
These are basic indicator. There are many more available.
For Ex. To Read SAIL chart refer
http://www.TopStockResearch.com/INDIAN_STOCKS/STEEL_AND_STEEL_PRODUCTS/Steel_Authority_of_India_Ltd.html#techChart
This chart will give you price /date plot along with Moving average, RSI, MACD, Bollinger etc.